Poster 311-3-3
Personal Comments
In 1960's, represents from country sides of China join the Agricultural Machinery Exhibition in Beijing, and these years is a famous time under slogan of "Agriculture to Learn from Dazhai".
Before 1949, start year of CCP China, agricultural machinery had almost never been seen in country side of China. At that time man and cow or horse were main labor force in filed. In 1950's, the honey years of CCP China and Soviet Union, Soviet provide many supports in industry and agriculture area to China, which included many agricultural machines to country side of China. In support of Soviet, China came into Machinery Agriculture time. But in 1960's, because of the quarrel of leaders in CCP China and Soviet Union, Soviet stopped the support for China, which made China fall down into a country crisis both in industry and in agriculture. Machines support by Soviet were stopped to be maintained by Soviet engineer, and in other hand, Soviet machine was too big for small filed in most Chinese county area, as well as, Soviet machine was not good for water filed in south China for example in rice production area.
In this background, China speak out the slogan of "Self-Reliance and hard-working", to encourage Chinese people to walk away from this crisis. In industry area, a famous slogan is "Industry to Learn from DaQing", and DaQing city is the first big oil filed of China after 1949, which is in north east of China. The worker of DaQing worked very hard in -30 C winter to build a brand new oil city -- DaQing. In agriculture area, a famous slogan is "Agriculture to Learn from Dazhai", and DaZhai County is a poor country side county, which was lack of water very much at that time, which is in middle area of China. The farmers of DaZha build a complex irrigation system to get water from a lake very far passing through many high mount.
In this exhibition, many new agricultural machines made in some Chinese factory were showed for many represents from country sides all over China. This exhibition is a shown for “Self-Reliance and hard-working” in agriculture. In those years, an exhibition was not opened for public, only these excellent CCP members and citizens honest for CCP could get this chance. In this poster, all visitors were excited for a new Combine machine, looks like they are self confidence for future of Chinese agriculture. But in fact, these agricultural machines were only model machines in that year, as same as idea cars in current car exhibition, because most factory were busy to product industry machinery for example trucks and ships not agricultural machines at that time, as well as most country side commune hadn’t enough money to buy these expensive agricultural machines. Agricultural machinery was popular in 1980's and 1990's in country side of China, after commune was disappeared and Chinese peasant became enough rich to buy a machine.
Back to catalogue.个人评论
这副宣传画展示的是，６０年代来自中国各地的农民代表正在参观北京农业机械博览会，那个年代正是著名的“农业学大寨的年代”。
１９４９年新中国成立之前，农业机械在中国几乎是一片空白，那个年代，牛马是农田的主要劳动力。５０年代是中苏两国的蜜月期，苏联对中国的工业和农业提供了大量的支持，其中就包括对中国农村提供农业机械的支持，在苏联的帮助下，中国进入了农业机械化时代。但是到了６０年代，因为中苏两国领导人之间的争吵，苏联中止了对中国的援助，这导致中国陷入了严重的国家危机，危机自然也波及到了中国的工业和农业。苏联工程师中止了对援中农业机械的技术支持，不过另一方面，苏联援助的农业机械在中国表现并不好，中国的农田规模小而且南方多水田，苏联农业机械表现出了严重的水土不服。
在这种背景下，中国发出了“艰苦奋斗自力更生”的口号，鼓舞中国人民走出这场危机。在工业领域，当时有一个著名的口号“工业学大庆”，大庆是中国东北一个著名的油田，１９４９年后由中国自主建设，当时大庆工人在零下３０摄氏度的低温下艰苦创业，建成了中国历史上最大的油田；而在农业领域，著名的口号是“农业学大寨”，大寨是中国中部一个贫瘠的农业县，极端缺水。大寨农民在艰苦的条件下，修建了一个复杂的灌溉系统从遥远的湖中，穿越崇山峻岭引来水源。
在这次展览上，各地农村来的代表第一次见到了中国独立生产的新型农业机械，这次展览其实就是一个“独立自主艰苦创业”的展示会。不过当时这种展览会并不公开开放，只有那些优秀的、衷心拥护共产党领导的党员和市民才能得到入场券。这张宣传画上，参观者激动的参观一台联合收割机，对中国农业的未来充满了信心。不过实际上，这些农业机械当时更多的是用来展示，就好像是现在车展中的概念车型一样，因为当时大多数工厂都在忙于生产工业机械例如卡车和轮船，而不是农业机械，而且多数农村公社也没有财力购买这些昂贵的农业机械。农业机械在８０和９０年代才开始在中国普及，那时公社已经解散，农民兜里有了足够的钱，农业机械化在中国真的变成了现实。
